{"id":15,"date":"2026-06-13T10:05:39","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T08:05:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/2026\/06\/13\/bao-chi-ngam-co-day-nhanh-su-sup-do-cua-che-do-dong-duc-khong\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T10:08:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T08:08:59","slug":"bao-chi-ngam-co-day-nhanh-su-sup-do-cua-che-do-dong-duc-khong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/2026\/06\/13\/bao-chi-ngam-co-day-nhanh-su-sup-do-cua-che-do-dong-duc-khong\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"B\u00e1o“`html<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h1>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1989 v\u00e0 1990, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u1ea7m s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh sau khi B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 samizdat<\/em>, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft tay c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u1edd ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, sinh th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn do s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ng\u1ea7m cao t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u1ebfn 1990 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng 16% nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh sau th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1989. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi k\u00ecm h\u00e3m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t khi B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1990, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ef1 do sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 trung-t\u1ea3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 SPD ho\u1eb7c Li\u00ean minh 90\/\u0110\u1ea3ng Xanh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp nhanh ch\u00f3ng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u b\u1edfi n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\n

Bibliographie<\/h2>\n

Source de l’\u00e9tude<\/h3>\n

DOI :<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11127-026-01401-w<\/a><\/p>\n

Titre :<\/strong> Loose bricks in the wall: Underground press and political opposition in non-democracies<\/p>\n

Revue :<\/strong> Public Choice<\/p>\n

\u00c9diteur :<\/strong> Springer Science and Business Media LLC<\/p>\n

Auteurs :<\/strong> Olga Tcaci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“`html B\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1989 v\u00e0 1990, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u1ea7m s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh sau khi B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.… Continue reading B\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe","category-moi-truong","category-truyen-thong","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16,"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15\/revisions\/16"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yesterday.media\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}